Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics. albendazole — anti-protozoan and protivogelmintny drug, derivative benzimidazole. medicament affects both intestinal, and tissue parasites in the form of eggs, larvae and adult helminths. protivogelmintny effect of albendazole is caused by oppression of polymerization of a tubulin that leads to disturbance of metabolism and death of helminths.

Albendazole shows activity against such intestinal parasites: nematodes — Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Cutaneus Larva Migrans; cestodes — Hymenolepsis nana, Taenia solium, Taenia saginata; trematodes — Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis; protozoa — Giardia lamblia (intestinalis or duodenalis).

Albendazole shows activity concerning tissue parasites, including cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, Echinococcosus granulosus caused by an invasion and Echinococcosus multilocularis respectively. Albendazole is an effective remedy for treatment of the neurocysticercosis caused by a larval invasion of Taenia solium, the kapillyarioz caused by Capillaria philippinensis, and a gnatostomoza, caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum invasion.

Albendazole destroys cysts or considerably reduces their sizes (to 80%) at patients with granular echinococcosis. After treatment by albendazole the quantity of impractical cysts increases to 90% in comparison with 10% at the patients who were not receiving medical treatment. After use of albendazole for treatment of the cysts caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, the absolute recovery is noted at a smaller part of patients, at the majority — improvement or stabilization of a state.

Pharmacokinetics. At oral administration, albendazole is absorbed poorly (5%). Systemic action increases if to accept a dose of medicament with greasy food which by 5 times increases medicament absorption. It is quickly metabolized in a liver at the first passing. The main metabolite — sulfate of albendazole which is the main effective substance at treatment of fabric infections. T _½ makes 8.5 h. Sulfate of albendazole and its metabolites are mainly removed with bile and only a small part — with urine. It is established that at prolonged use of medicament in high doses its elimination from cysts continues several weeks.

Patients of advanced age. Some clinical data allow to assume that the pharmacokinetics at patients of advanced age is similar that at young healthy volunteers.

Renal failure. The albendazole pharmacokinetics at this group of patients was not studied.

Liver failure. The albendazole pharmacokinetics at this group of patients was not studied.

Indication

Intestinal forms of helminthoses and skin syndrome of larva migrans (short-term treatment by low doses): an enterobiosis, a dochmiasis and a necatoriasis, a hymenolepiasis, a teniosis, a strongyloidosis, an ascaridosis, a trichuriasis, a clonorchosis, an opisthorchosis, a skin syndrome of larva migrans, a giardiasis at children.

System helminthic infections (long-term treatment by high doses):

cystic echinococcosis (caused by Echinococcus granulosus):

• at impossibility of surgical intervention;
• before surgical intervention;
• after operation if preoperative treatment was short if distribution of helminths is revealed or during operation found live forms;
• after carrying out a transdermal drainage of cysts with the diagnostic or therapeutic purpose;

alveolar echinococcosis (caused by Echinococcus multiocularis):

• in inoperable diseases, in particular in cases of the local or remote metastases;
• after palliative surgical intervention;
• after radical surgical intervention or liver transplantation;

neurocysticercosis (caused by Taenia solium larvae):

• in the presence of single or multiple cysts or granulematozny damage of a brain;
• at arachnoidal or intra ventricular cysts;
• at racemose cysts;

kapillyaroz (the caused Capillaria philippinensis), gnatostomoz (the caused Gnathostoma spinigerum and sibling species), the trichinosis (caused by Trichinella spiralis and T.pseudospiralis), toksokaroz (the caused Toxocara canis and sibling species).

Use

Intestinal infections and skin syndrome of larva migrans. to take the medicament together with food. it is desirable to apply at the same time day. if there does not occur recovery in 3 weeks, the doctor has to appoint the second year of treatment.

some patients, especially at children, can have difficulties at ingestion of the whole tablet. In that case the tablet can be chewed with a small amount of water or it is possible to crumb it.

to adults and children 3 years are aged more senior.

* For children at the age of 2–3 years to use albendazole medicaments in the corresponding dosage.

Sick advanced age. Experience of use of medicament for treatment of elderly people is limited. Dose adjustment is not required, however